Octoverse: A new developer joins GitHub every second as AI leads TypeScript to #1

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Octoverse: A new developer joins GitHub every second as AI leads TypeScript to #1

In this year’s Octoverse, we uncover how AI, agents, and typed languages are driving the biggest shifts in software development in more than a decade.

A vibrant abstract background with overlapping green, blue, and purple gradient ribbons behind the text ‘Octoverse 2025’ and the GitHub logo.
A vibrant abstract background with overlapping green, blue, and purple gradient ribbons behind the text ‘Octoverse 2025’ and the GitHub logo.1600×850 148 KB

GitHub Staff·@github

October 28, 2025|Updated October 30, 2025

If 2025 had a theme, it would be growth. Every second, more than one new developer on average joined GitHub—over 36 million in the past year. It’s our fastest absolute growth rate yet and 180 million-plus developers now work and build on GitHub.

The release of GitHub Copilot Free in late 2024 coincided with a step-change in developer sign-ups, exceeding prior projections. Beyond bringing millions of new developers into the ecosystem, we saw record-level activity across repositories, pull requests, and code pushes. Developers created more than 230 new repositories every minute, merged 43.2 million pull requests on average each month (+23% YoY), and pushed nearly 1 billion commits in 2025 (+25.1% YoY)—including a record of nearly 100 million in August alone.

This surge in activity coincides with a structural milestone: for the first time, TypeScript overtook both Python and JavaScript in August 2025 to become the most used language on GitHub, reflecting how developers are reshaping their toolkits. This marks the most significant language shift in more than a decade.

A graphic showing key Octoverse 2025 metrics: 630 million total projects on GitHub, over 180 million developers, 1.12 billion total contributions, 4.3 million AI projects, 43.2 million pull requests merged per month (up 23% year over year), and TypeScript and Python as the top two languages used in 2025.
A graphic showing key Octoverse 2025 metrics: 630 million total projects on GitHub, over 180 million developers, 1.12 billion total contributions, 4.3 million AI projects, 43.2 million pull requests merged per month (up 23% year over year), and TypeScript and Python as the top two languages used in 2025.1440×810 130 KB

And the growth we see is global: India alone added more than 5 million developers this year (over 14% of all new accounts) and is on track to account for one in every three new developers on GitHub by 2030.

This year’s data highlights three key shifts:

  1. Generative AI is now standard in development. More than 1.1 million public repositories now use an LLM SDK with 693,867 of these projects created in just the past 12 months alone (+178% YoY, Aug ‘25 vs. Aug ‘24). Developers also merged a record 518.7M pull requests (+29% YoY). Moreover, AI adoption starts quickly: 80% of new developers on GitHub use Copilot in their first week.

  2. TypeScript is now the most used language on GitHub. In August 2025, TypeScript overtook both Python and JavaScript. Its rise illustrates how developers are shifting toward typed languages that make agent-assisted coding more reliable in production. It doesn’t hurt that nearly every major frontend framework now scaffolds with TypeScript by default. Even still, Python remains dominant for AI and data science workloads, while the JavaScript/TypeScript ecosystem still accounts for more overall activity than Python alone.

  3. AI is reshaping choices, not just code. In the past, developer choice meant picking an IDE, language, or framework. In 2025, that’s changing. We see correlations between the rapid adoption of AI tools and evolving language preferences. This and other shifts suggest AI is influencing not only how fast code is written, but which languages and tools developers use.

And one of the biggest things in 2025? Agents are here. Early signals in our data are starting to show their impact, but ultimately point to one key thing: we’re just getting started and we expect far greater activity in the months and years ahead.

Let’s jump in.

:light_bulb: Oh, and if you’re a visual learner, we have you covered.:backhand_index_pointing_down:

The state of GitHub in 2025: A year of record growth

Three key Octoverse 2025 metrics: on average 1 developer joined GitHub every second (up 23% YoY), about 230 new repositories created per minute (+121 million YoY), and 395 million public and open source repositories overall (+72 million YoY).
Three key Octoverse 2025 metrics: on average 1 developer joined GitHub every second (up 23% YoY), about 230 new repositories created per minute (+121 million YoY), and 395 million public and open source repositories overall (+72 million YoY).1152×288 58.5 KB

In 2023, GitHub crossed 100 million developers after nearly three years of growth from 50 million to 100 million. But the past year alone has rewritten that curve with our fastest absolute growth yet. Today, more than 180 million developers build on GitHub.

So, what does “more than one new developer joining GitHub every second on average” actually mean?

  • Developers are converging on GitHub. More than 36 million developers joined GitHub in a single year (23% YoY), confirming GitHub as the primary hub for collaboration.
  • AI adoption starts immediately. We see nearly 80% of new developers on GitHub use GitHub Copilot within their first week, offering evidence that AI is now an expectation among new coders.
  • The talent boom is geographically diverse. Every minute, ~25 developers joined from APAC, ~12 from Europe, ~6.5 from Africa and the Middle East, and ~6 from LATAM. India alone added over 5 million developers this year.

GitHub Copilot steepened growth curves

Historically, developer sign ups and repository creation followed predictable year-over-year patterns. The launch of Copilot Free in December 2024 accelerated those curves globally, giving millions access to AI-powered workflows for the first time. The end result? Our typical models for growth overturned dramatically.

A line chart showing the number of new developers joining GitHub from 2020 to 2025. The line rises steadily, reaching 36.2 million in 2025, with a sharp increase after the launch of Copilot Free in late 2024. The chart has a dark background with blue data lines and the title ‘The number of new developers on GitHub.’
A line chart showing the number of new developers joining GitHub from 2020 to 2025. The line rises steadily, reaching 36.2 million in 2025, with a sharp increase after the launch of Copilot Free in late 2024. The chart has a dark background with blue data lines and the title ‘The number of new developers on GitHub.’1728×972 129 KB

A graphic showing that nearly 80% of new developers on GitHub use Copilot within their first week, displayed in large bold text on a blue background with green and purple gradient ribbons.
A graphic showing that nearly 80% of new developers on GitHub use Copilot within their first week, displayed in large bold text on a blue background with green and purple gradient ribbons.1440×810 154 KB

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